Vid. For he who swore falsely by the gods was noted only by the censors, andexposed to shame. 2 Thedispute between us and the dissenters is about the sense of this phrase, deproprio Ingenio, which they will have to signify extempore raptures, in vindica- tion of their own effusions ; against which the Reverend Mr. Rennet argues thus :That allowing this hymn to be extempore, yet it made nothing to the purpose,unless it could be proved that the congregation joined in it. on a departed soul; and therefore as the soul of Lazarus was carried by the Some are of opinion that this custom of swearing by the safetyof the emperor was introduced by Augustus, from that of Horace. And you, O man! 135. nature as for a shadow to be before the substance,1 or the imagebefore the reality. 1 Vid. Thus I say, for [Hebrew] And a little after, Videbis sub manunostra stare vinctos, et tremere captivos quos in suspicis, et veneraris utDeminos. 141. life. I mention not those who seem tohave contracted for praise at the price of cutting their own throats,or despatching themselves by some sweeter method; for lo! Buy L'apologétique de Tertullien: apologie du christianisme (2e édition) (Religion) by TERTULLIEN (ISBN: 9782012836884) from Amazon's Book Store. CONCERNING THE DISCIPLINE OF CHRISTIANS, AND THEIR To the same purpose St. Cyprian speaksad Pomponium,Spiritali Gladio superbi, et contumaces necantur, dum de Ecclesia ejiciuntur:neque enim vivere foris possent, cum Domus Dei una sit; et nemini salus esse,nisi in Ecclesia possit. " Andit was the current opinon of the Fathers that Antichrist should not come untilthe Roman Empire 129. 2 cap. THAT THE ROMAN GRANDEUR IS NOT OWING TO THE ROMAN RELIGION. Greek word ko&lpoj; truly signifies, the primitive Christians understood a place lib. 78 Expedite enim prescribimus Adulteris nostris, illain esse Regulam veritatisquae veniat a Christo transmissa per comites ipsius. be spectators of dissolving nature; and while we pray for it to bedeferred, we pray for the subsistence of the Roman Empire. And who ever came over, but wasready to suffer for it, to purchase the favour of God, and obtain thepardon of all his sins, though at the price of his blood ? But what if I do not frequent your festivals, I hope I may be aman, and have hands and feet for the public at that time as wellas any other. seems to have increased the passion so much for martyrdom in that age. However, if your templewardens have reason to complain against Christians, the public, Iam sure, has not, but on the contrary very great reason to thank usfor the customs we pay with the same conscience as we abstainfrom stealing. And therefore it is I who moreeffectually recommend him to God,1 because I not only earnestlyask it of Him who can give it, or because I am such a petitioner ashave the most reason to obtain it, but also because by setting Caesarbelow his god, I set him higher in his affection, to which Godalone I subject him ; and I subject him to God, by not making himhis equal. The presidents or bishops1 among us are men of the mostvenerable age and piety, raised to this honour not by the powersof money, but the brightness of their lives; for nothing sacred is tobe had for money. We renounce your sports as much as we condemn their original,2. Hence that of Silius. 5 ; 2 Kings xxiii. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Andis not the whole herd of condemned wretches which some publicbenefactors1 keep alive for the entertainment of the amphitheatre,are not they all of your religion? O leaden-heeled couriers ! Philosopher is a name thedevils value not ; they stand in no awe of a philosopher's beard, nor will the hemof his pallium cure any diseases. h9 par0 THE God we pray to for the life of emperors is the eternal God,the true God, the God of life, and whom above all the emperorsthemselves principally desire to propitiate; they know by whomthey reign as kings and live as men. lib. thus, say they, we must do also. Illuc suspicientes Christiani manibus expansis, etc. Let them deny thatChrist will come in judgment upon every soul from the creation,having first restored its body. However, if we enter into a comparison of past and presentcalamities, we shall find the account much abated since the comingof Christianity ; for since that time the innocence of Christians hastempered the iniquities of the age, and there have been a set ofmen who knew the right way of deprecating the vengeance of God.Lastly, when we are in great want of rain, and the year in anxietyabout the succeeding fruits, then you are at your baths anddebauches, and offering your water sacrifices to Jupiter,1 andordering processions on barefoot for the people. made ourselves ample satisfaction by returning evil for evil, had wenot thought it unlawful to quit the score of one injury with another.But God forbid that any of this divine sect should seek revengeby fire, after the manner of men, or grudge to suffer what is sentto refine them. 109. forewarning us what we are to expect, or by bringing to our mindsthe predictions already fulfilled. Or that the priest who cuts off hisprivities, or lances his arms, is inspired ; but he who cuts his throat,possessed; however, the fury of both has a like event, and theinstigation is the same. Tertullian's Apology for the Christians. Christians to the public? 15, p. 131. Edit., intelligebat Cicero falsa esse, etc. Eus. ii. And in the. Alexandrian Chronic, Now what is to be done with a man who knows himself in anerror, and yet knowingly dashes upon a rock, that the people may do so too ?who pulls out his own eyes to secure others in darkness; who neither deserveswell of those he permits to wander, nor of himself, whom he associates withpractices he condemns; who makes no use of his wisdom for the regulation ofhis life, but wilfully entangles himself to ensnare others, whom as the wiserperson he was obliged to rescue from error. THAT THE GENTILES' HATRED TO THE CHRISTIANS IS NOTORIOUSLY lib. Apology for the Christians. But now if this comparison be just, andChristianity and philosophy be the same things, pray, what is thereason that we have not the same philosophic treatment? And solikewise where the Oriental languages were ambiguous or equivocal, by omittingthe obvious sense and following the obscure, they spun out strange stories. See more of this in Macrobius, Saturnal. For that your gods were not in beingin the time of the deluge, the cities wherein they breathed their firstand their last, as well as those they founded, are a proof with awitness; for had they existed before the flood, they had not continuedto this day, but been overwhelmed in the general ruin. 2 vols. 1 Cur diu laeto non Laureis Postes obumbramus ? cap. And therefore let us enter a little into a comparisonbetween your laws and ours. For though your superstitious. peri\ yuxh~j, is plainly the fiery stream in Daniel.Vid. Dokei~ ga_r h!dh belti/on e0nai lousa&menon piei~n fa&rmakon, VENERATION THAN THEIR GODS. O drowsydispatches ! Dion. 21, that Christ bysuffering for us left us His example how to follow His steps, which was followedby a glorious cloud of witnesses, yet in these last days, what a brood hathsprung up 'of men who are lovers of their own selves, traitors, heady, high-minded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God, having a form of godliness,but denying the power thereof, who creep into houses, and lead captive sillywomen laden with sins !' We who all acknowledge but one andthe same God as our universal Father, who have all drunk of one andthe same Holy Spirit, and who are all delivered as it were from onecommon womb of ignorance, and called out of darkness into Hismarvellous light. Vid. And in the house of Ashtaroth called by the LXX.0Asta&rth did the Philistines hang up Saul's armour after his death. We are no Brahmins, orIndian gymnosophists, who live in woods, and as it were in exilefrom other men; and we act as men under the warmest sense ofgratitude to God our Lord, the Creator of all things; and we rejectnothing He has made for the use of man. But forasmuch as men of corrupted minds have always a burninghatred to truth, so her strictest followers must expect to meet withthe severest usage; but he who adulterates truth will be sure tohave the thanks of her enemies for his service. Citius denique apud vos. Another learnedperson understands this phrase de Pectore of those prayers which every privateChristian used in the solemn assemblies on the stationary days, in the intervalsbetween the public offices of the Church, while the congregation kept silence;and considering that they stayed at these stations for nine hours together, andthat all this time was not taken up in reading, expounding, singing, and incommon prayers, it is not improbable but the interspaces were allowed for theexercise of mental devotion. So that Christianity and philosophy differ just as much as heavenand earth, as a name that can do everything, and a mere empty title. fr Les blogueurs éminents Gal Mor and Effi Fuks, qui ont déterré des preuves circonstanciées contre les motifs de Shitrit et ont réclamé une une enquête approfondie, ont supprimé leurs billets originels après la conclusion d'un accord avec la famille de Shitrit et ont publié des excuses officielles et un démenti. I shall mention but one Grecian artifice more, which wasby ascribing to some of their own nation what is recorded in the sacred history.Thus the Thessalians make Deucalion to be the person who escaped the flood,and from whom the world was peopled after it; and whoever compares therelation of Deucalion's flood in Apollodorus, Biblioth. p. 486, lib. But now if a Christianshall affirm that man shall be made man again after death, andCaius rise the very same Caius again, he is in danger of beingmobbed, and having all the sticks and stones in the street presentlyabout his ears. Does not the prison sweat with your heathen criminalscontinually ? 142 Gent. Many of your philosophershave set themselves to write the world into patience and a con- tempt of death, as Cicero in his Tusculan questions, Seneca in hisremedies against accidents, Diogenes, Pyrrhon, and Callinicus; buttheir pompous glitter of words has not made the tithe of disciplesthat our lives have done. ; Divinum negotiant existimant,sed magis Philosophiae genus. In this fable of Plato, Origenobserves the resemblance between Jupiter's garden and Paradise, and betweenPenia and the serpent, etc. de Repub. kai\ mh_ pra&gmata Fathers, but highly derogatory to the all-sufficient merits of our crucified Master, When this holy army of supplicants ismet and disposed in godly array, we all send up our prayers forthe life of the emperors,1 for their ministers, for magistrates, forthe good of the State, for the peace of the empire, and for retardingthe final doom. But you arethe only persons of religion who pray for their safety where itcannot be had, and overlook Him who alone has it in His power.But those who know how to ask it, and can obtain it too, becausethey know how to ask it; those, I say, you are persecuting out ofthe world. cap. Aesculapio tamen gallinaceum prosecari in fine judebat. 1O4 In thesame chariot, behind him who triumphed, was the public servant carried, whoheld up a huge heavy crown above the head of the triumpher, both to expresshis merits and his weakness by a glorious weight he could not bear, and withthe mortifying words just now mentioned. The worshippers of God shallbe clothed upon with a substance proper for everlasting duration,and fixed in a perpetual union with God; but the profane andthe hypocrite shall be doomed to a lake of everflowing fire, andfueled with incorruptibility from the divine indefectible nature ofthat flame which torments them. Therefore when by their instinct you treat us like rebels,and condemn us to workhouses, or prisons, or the mines, and suchlike servile punishment; when thus, I say, by you their instrumentsthey break out against us, in whose power they are (for they knowtheir imparity full well, and their malice is but the more enraged attheir impotency), then we take another course, and engage theseodious spirits, as it were, upon equal terms, and resist with patienceimpregnable; that being the quarter they attack us upon with alltheir fury, and we never come off so triumphantly as when wesuffer victoriously, and resist unto death. Cum ergo finis, et limes medius qui interhiat adfuerit, etc. Nay, so hot and lasting was this calumny, We buyno frankincense, and if the Arabians complain, let the Sabaeanmerchants know that we take off greater quantities of more costlyspices for the embalming our dead,2 than others do for incensing, and being made stiff with cold when he was dead, alluding to the custom ofwashing the dead which was very ancient; according to that of Ennius. Scaliger understands this But we Christians look upon ourselves as one body, informed asit were by one soul; and being thus incorporated by love, we cannever dispute what we are to bestow upon our own members.Accordingly among us all things are in common,1 excepting wives ;in this alone we reject communion, and this is the only thing youenjoy in common ; for you not only make no conscience in violat- ing the wife of your friend, but with amazing patience and gratitudelend him your own. o2moson tou~ Kai/saroj tuxh&n, metano&hson, 1 2 ACCOUNT OF THEIR NAME. Thus therefore by a touch of our hand, or thebreath of our mouth, scorched as it were with the prospect and repre- sentation of future flames, they go out of the bodies they possessat our command, but sore against their will, and gnashing and red-hot with shame, to quit their possessions in the presence of theiradorers. Sed et juramus, sicut non per Genios Caesarum, ita per Salutem corum, etc.Here we have the lawfulness of an oath expressly asserted by our Tertullian,though now gainsaid by some new-fashioned Christians (if the Quakers maybe called Christians), and an oath too by the life of the emperors ; and a verysacred oath too it is, says our author, when so sacred a person is sworn by.They would not swear by their genii indeed, because they looked upon that asswearing by the devil and his angels; and thus we find that Joseph swore by thelife of Pharaoh. 85. curiosities had their first conception in Numa's brain,1 and yetduring his reign the Roman worship was without either statue ortemple, their old religion was a thrifty plain religion,2 without anypompous rites, or any capitol vying with heaven;3 their altarswere rude and hasty, and of turf only; their sacred vessels ofSamian clay. They were only the sayings and opinions of meremen, and so might be rejected or embraced as men thought fit; or if any part ofthe doctrine of a philosopher must go for law, the whole must pass for such too,or else his authority ceases. WHAT reason then, say you, have we Christians to complain of oursufferings, when we are so fond of persecution ; we ought rather tolove those who persecute us so sweetly to our heart's content. 116 Tertullian's Apology for the Christians. But do your worst, and rack yourinventions for tortures for Christiansit is all to no purpose; youdo but attract the world, and make it fall the more in love withour religion; the more you mow us down, the thicker we rise; theChristian blood you spill is like the seed you sow, it springs fromthe earth again, and fructifies the more. CONCERNING THE ODIOUS TITLE OF CHRISTIAN. It was amighty objection with the heathens, that Christianity was a novel upstartreligion, formed out of the corruption of the heathen mythology; but thisTertullian argues to be as impossible as for the shadow to be before the sub- stance, or an imitation before the reality. And so [Hebrew], vir Terrae,a husbandman, as Vir Sanguinis, Vir Pecoris, a bloody man, a shepherd,2 Sam. Euseb. From whence now, I pray, had your poets andphilosophers these resemblances ? lib. THAT THE CHRISTIANS ARE A VERY USEFUL SORT OF PEOPLE. Legat. Lastly,if we consider that Tertullian is here proving the sincerity of the Christianloyally above that of the heathens, it seems most agreeable to his design in myopinion, and what the words will very well bear, to understand him thus : theheathens were obliged to offer up their vows and sacrifices in public for the lifeof the emperor ; and for fear they should omit to name him, either out ofnegligence or malice; or name him only by way of imprecation, there was acustos, or monitor, appointed to see that they rightly pronounced the form ofwords dictated by another priest from writing. From the devils I mean, from whose depredations we defendyou gratis; and had we a spirit of revenge, it would make thepassion full amends only to abandon you freely to the mercy ofthose impure beings; but without the least touch of gratitude forthe benefit of so great a protection, you declare a sect of men,which are not only not burdensome, but necessary, to be publicenemies; as 6. ; Daeorum. pro&ge a0pa&ntwn, etc., Ante omnia (Severus)de Militibus qui Pertinacem necaverant, et Juliano tradiderant Imperium,acerba Supplicia sumpsit. Mission des apôtres (XXI). But would you know the true reason of such judgments, youmust know that mankind has always served God very ill; first bya stupid neglect of Him ; for when they might have understood thedivine nature in some measure, they would not pursue after it withtheir understanding, but let their vain imaginations go after godsof their own invention ; and secondly, because that when God hadbeen at the expense of revelation, they would not be at the pains ofinquiring after it, nor be ruled by that Master He had sent to teachthem righteousness ; and to take vengeance on their sins, God gavethem over to a reprobate mind to work all uncleanness with greedi- ness. 95. of proving what we proposed to do in our justification. And our author complains notonly here of this tampering with Scripture among Christians, but cries out in hisPrescription against Heretics, cap. The primitive Christiansat their devotion did not only lift up their hands to heaven, for so we find theheathens did, according to that of Virgil. Bless me ! DAY. Besides, hereby they gave some encouragement to suffering:,when men saw how much care was taken to honour and secure the relics of theirmortality, and that their bodies should not be persecuted after death." BECAUSE THE WOULD CANNOT BE WELL WITHOUT IT. I, p. 3. They accounted no hazardscomparable to the advantage the world would enjoy by the propagation ofChristian philosophy; they rejoiced that they were accounted worthy to sufferfor the name of Christ. But perhaps it may be replied that some Christians arefar from living up to their profession, to which I reply again, thatthen they are as far from having the reputation of Christians amongthose who truly are so; but yet philosophers shall enjoy the nameand honour of philosophy among you in spite of the wickedness of. FIRST therefore make it appear that those you sacrifice to canprotect either kings or subjects, and then charge us with treasonagainst gods and men; for if angels or demons, spirits essentiallywicked or of the most destructive nature, can be the authors ofany good; if spirits lost and undone themselves can save others,if the damned can give freedom, and lastly if the dead (as youknow in your conscience your gods to be) can defend the living,pray why do they not defend in the first place their own statues andimages and temples, which in my opinion are defended by Caesar'sguards, who keep watch and ward for their security. These and such like were the formsupon which they tried Christians. [Tertullien. that when the Goths and Vandals broke in upon the Roman empire, St. Austin extremely concerned at the increase of Christianity, made and consecrated atripod of laurel, with all the letters of the alphabet fastened to it, to know whoshould he the man that was to succeed Valens in the empire ; a contrivanceperhaps in imitation of Urim and Thummim, which (as some say) consisted ofall the letters of the alphabet, which upon a question proposed did arise after astrange manner, and joined themselves into words or syllables, and so returned acomplete answer. Let Cybele see to it,whether she transplanted her affections to Rome for the sake of herbeloved countrymen the Trojans, screened from the Grecian armsI warrant by her divine protection; let her say whether she wentover to the Romans upon this view, as foreseeing them the peoplethat would revenge her upon her enemies, and one day triumphover Greece, as Greece had done over Troy; and to prove thatshe did go over to the Romans upon this prospect, she hasgiven a most glorious instance of her foresight in our age, for M.Aurelius being taken off at Sirmium the seventeenth day of March,1her chief priest and eunuch on the twenty-fourth day of the samemonth, having lanced his arms, and let out his impure blood uponthe altar, offered up his usual vows for the life of the emperor, whowas dead some days before.
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