Following the passage of the new constitution, Kenya became a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Kenya is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. [194] Indigenous beliefs are practised by 0.7% of the population, although many self-identifying Christians and Muslims maintain some traditional beliefs and customs. [119] Kenya is one of the most pro-American nations in Africa, and the wider world. This election was marked by large-scale intimidation of opponents, as well as harassment of election officials. The colonial history of Kenya dates from the establishment of a German protectorate over the Sultan of Zanzibar's coastal possessions in 1885, followed by the arrival of the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1888. [154] Roughly half of Kenya's 127 flower farms are concentrated around Lake Naivasha, 90 kilometres northwest of Nairobi. Primary school is for students aged 6/7-13/14 years. The Kenya Defence Forces are the armed forces of the Republic of Kenya. [208] [48] Initially, these traders came mainly from Oman, but later many came from Zanzibar (such as Tippu Tip). Republic of Kenya, ACtHPR, Application No. About 25,000 tonnes of ilmenite was flagged off the Kenyan coastal town of Kilifi. Previous to the 2013 elections, there were 210 constituencies in Kenya. Kenya is a compact state with many smaller cultural sub-divided states within. Kenya's macroeconomic outlook has steadily posted robust growth over the past few decades, mostly from road and rail infrastructure projects. [89] In August 2010, Kenyans held a referendum and passed a new constitution, which limited presidential powers and devolved the central government.[83]. To protect their interests, the settlers banned the growing of coffee, introduced a hut tax, and the landless were granted less and less land in exchange for their labour. Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution, which began in 1952, and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963. [166] In 2014, the Chinese contracted railway project from Nairobi to Mombasa was suspended due to a dispute over compensation for land acquisition. Many larger towns consist of several locations. More than 80,000 members of the Kikuyu ethnic group were held in detention camps without trial, often subject to brutal treatment. Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in Eastern Africa. With an area of 580,000 km², the country is somewhat larger than Metropolitan France or slightly more than twice the size of … [209] [232], Cheese is becoming more popular in Kenya, with consumption increasing particularly among the middle class. They also participated in the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011. There are also a number of local hip-hop artists, including Jua Cali; Afro-pop bands such as Sauti Sol; and musicians who play local genres like Benga, such as Akothee. [84] His win was strongly criticised by his major opponents, Kibaki and Odinga, as being fraudulent. Following the defeat, Raila Odinga again petitioned the results in the Supreme Court, accusing the electoral commission of mismanagement of the elections and Uhuru Kenyatta and his party of rigging. The supreme court upheld the election results and President Kenyatta began his term with William Ruto as the deputy president. As of 2020, Kenya is the third largest economy in sub-Saharan Africa after Nigeria and South Africa. The main opposition leader, Raila Odinga, claimed that the election results were rigged and that he was the rightfully elected president. [141] In 2017, Kenya ranked 92nd in the World Bank ease of doing business rating from 113rd in 2016 (of 190 countries). [154] To speed their export, Nairobi airport has a terminal dedicated to the transport of flowers and vegetables.[154]. [162][163], Kenya has proven deposits of oil in Turkana. Chief Administrative Secretary: Hon Through the Jubilee Coalition, the Bill was later passed on 19 December in the National Assembly under acrimonious circumstances.[118]. Kenya's irrigation sector is categorised into three organizational types: smallholder schemes, centrally-managed public schemes, and private/commercial irrigation schemes. Other traditional dances include the Ohangla among the Luo, Nzele among the Mijikenda, Mugithi among the Kikuyu, and Taarab among the Swahili. Kenya also exports textiles worth over $400 million under AGOA. Kenia. There are formal estimates of the possible reserves of oil discovered. "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." [49] In addition, the Portuguese started buying slaves from the Omani and Zanzibari traders in response to the interruption of the transatlantic slave trade by British abolitionists. Githeri is a common lunchtime dish in many households, while Ugali with vegetables, sour milk (mursik), meat, fish, or any other stew is generally eaten by much of the population for lunch or supper. Kenyans generally have three meals in a day—breakfast (kiamsha kinywa), lunch (chakula cha mchana), and supper (chakula cha jioni or simply chajio). By colonial land alienation, women lost access and control of land. The largest native ethnic groups were the Kikuyu (8,148,668), Luhya (6,823,842), Kalenjin (6,358,113), Luo (5,066,966), Kamba (4,663,910), Somalis (2,780,502), Kisii (2,703,235), Mijikenda (2,488,691), Meru (1,975,869), Maasai (1,189,522), and Turkana (1,016,174). Kenya has competed in the Cricket World Cup since 1996. The word benga is occasionally used to refer to any kind of pop music. In November [52], To chase von Lettow, the British deployed the British Indian Army troops from India but needed large numbers of porters to overcome the formidable logistics of transporting supplies far into the interior on foot. [76][clarification needed], The election held in 1988 saw the advent of the mlolongo (queuing) system, where voters were supposed to line up behind their favoured candidates instead of casting a secret ballot. [95] This ruling solidified the position of the Supreme Court as an independent body. Executive power is exercised by the government. There are an estimated 47 different communities, with Bantus (60%) and Nilotes (30%) constituting the majority of local residents. David Anderson (2003) reports the elections were judged free and fair by local and international observers, and seemed to mark a turning point in Kenya's democratic evolution.[85]. Wajir and Malindi were bombed as well. Kenya as Mt. Despite its impressive commercial approach and interests in the country, Kenya's academia and higher education system is notoriously rigid and disconnected from the needs of the local labour market and is widely blamed for the high number of unemployable and "half-baked" university graduates who struggle to fit in the modern workplace.[213]. Great exposure at the @Total Motorshow @KICC_kenya. Noun 1. Mount Kilimanjaro (5,895 m or 19,341 ft) can be seen from Kenya to the south of the Tanzanian border. 7 [National, official and other languages] "(1) The national language of the Republic is Swahili. Shortfalls of electricity occur periodically, when drought reduces water flow. Following Kenyatta's death in 1978, Daniel arap Moi became president. [18] Africa is Kenya's largest export market, followed by the European Union. [70], President Jomo Kenyatta's mixed legacy was highlighted at the 10 year anniversary of Kenya's independence. [116] In 2007, the government issued a statement declaring that from 2008, secondary education would be heavily subsidised, with the government footing all tuition fees.[117]. [37] Swahili now also has loanwords from English. Article 5: The Territory Kenya consists of the territory and territorial waters comprising Kenya on the effective date, and any additional territory and territorial waters as defined by an Act of Parliament. [63], Concurrently, the Kenyan army fought the Shifta War against ethnic Somali rebels inhabiting the Northern Frontier District who wanted to join their kin in the Somali Republic to the north. Ministry of Interior and Co-ordination of National Government Cabinet Secretary: Hon. New York Times. Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability. In 2016, the team beat Fiji at the Singapore Sevens finals, making Kenya the second African nation after South Africa to win a World Series championship. [142] The important agricultural sector is one of the least developed and largely inefficient, employing 75% of the workforce compared to less than 3% in the food secure developed countries. Kenya's capital and largest city is Nairobi, while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa. Kenya's largest National Park is Tsavo, which is in fact made up of two Parks-Tsavo East and Tsavo West. 25 of 2012", Commission of Inquiry into the Post Election Violence, "Laws on Homosexuality in African Nations", "Here are the 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death", "Obama lectures Kenyan president on gay rights", "WikiLeaks wins Amnesty International 2009 Media Award", "Was extra-judicial killing of Eastleigh 'thugs' justified? During the Mesolithic period (thence to c. 10,000 bce), new stone-tool-making techniques evolved, and the use of fire was mastered.. The Maasai culture is well known to tourism, despite constituting a relatively small part of Kenya's population. On 28 October 1992, president Moi dissolved parliament, five months before the end of his term. [164] Exploration is still continuing to determine if there are more reserves. As of May 2011[update], economic prospects are positive with 4–5% GDP growth expected, largely because of expansions in tourism, telecommunications, transport, construction, and a recovery in agriculture. 24 institutions offer business loans on a large scale, specific agriculture loans, education loans, and loans for all other purposes. Since AGOA took effect in 2000, Kenya's clothing sales to the United States increased from US$44 million to US$270 million (2006). However, its dominance has been eroded by wrangles within the now defunct Kenya Football Federation,[227] leading to a suspension by FIFA which was lifted in March 2007. Although Kenya is a low middle-income country, manufacturing accounts for 14% of the GDP, with industrial activity concentrated around the three largest urban centres of Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kisumu, and is dominated by food-processing industries such as grain milling, beer production, sugarcane crushing, and the fabrication of consumer goods, e.g., vehicles from kits. This work, which included linking producers to wholesalers, helped to increase local producer prices by 20–25% in Nairobi and Mombasa. On the east and north-east, it borders Somalia. [181], Kenya has a diverse population that includes many of the major ethnoracial and linguistic groups found in Africa. The Nandi were the first ethnic group to be put in a native reserve to stop them from disrupting the building of the railway. There exists an informal economy that is never counted as part of the official GDP figures. Production downturns periodically necessitate food aid—for example in 2004, due to one of Kenya's intermittent droughts. [143] Kenya's economy grew by more than 7% in 2007, and its foreign debt was greatly reduced. [83][85] Following this win, Moi was constitutionally barred from vying for another presidential term. Sheng is a Kiswahili-based cant spoken in some urban areas. $76.07 billion (Purchasing Power Parity, 2012), small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, clothing, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, horticulture, oil refining; aluminium, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair, tourism, tea, coffee, horticultural products, petroleum products, cement, fish, machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics, emergency loans, which are more expensive in respect to interest rates, but are quickly available, group loans for smaller groups (4–5 members) and larger groups (up to 30 members), women's loans, which are also available to groups of women. [200] However, the 2011 UNAIDS Report suggests that the HIV epidemic may be improving in Kenya, as HIV prevalence is declining among young people (ages 15–24) and pregnant women. It is observed by the authors of three 2018 studies on the site, that the evidence of these behaviours is approximately contemporary to the earliest known Homo sapiens fossil remains (such as at Jebel Irhoud in Morocco and Florisbad in South Africa), and they suggest that complex and modern behaviours had already begun in Africa around the time of the emergence of the species Homo sapiens. This lasts one to three years (KG1, KG2 and KG3) and is financed privately because there has been no government policy on pre-schooling until recently. Mwai Kibaki became the first president to serve under this new constitution while Uhuru Kenyatta became the first president elected under this constitution. These communities formed the earliest city-states in the region, which were collectively known as Azania. Founding president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence in 1963 until his death in 1978, when President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. [203] According to a 2008–09 survey by the Kenyan government, the total fertility rate was 4.6% and the contraception usage rate among married women was 46%. In eastern Africa: The interior before the colonial era…the Rift Valley areas of Kenya and of Tanzania (especially at Olduvai Gorge) and along the Kagera River in Uganda. In 1995, Richard Leakey formed the Safina party, but it was denied registration until November 1997. Preventable diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malnutrition are the biggest burden, major child-killers, and responsible for much morbidity; weak policies, corruption, inadequate health workers, weak management, and poor leadership in the public health sector are largely to blame. For those who proceed to the secondary level, there is a national examination at the end of Form Four – the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), which determines those proceeding to the universities, other professional training, or employment. In the 17th century, the Swahili coast was conquered and came under the direct rule of the Omani Arabs, who expanded the slave trade to meet the demands of plantations in Oman and Zanzibar. To stop the death and displacement of people, Kibaki and Odinga agreed to work together, with the latter taking the position of a prime minister. [156][157], Kenya's inclusion among the beneficiaries of the US Government's African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) has given a boost to manufacturing in recent years. The opposition party started by Oginga Odinga - Kenya People's Union (KPU) - was banned in 1969 following the Kisumu Massacre and KPU leaders were still in detention without trial in gross violation of the U.N. They probably came from Kenya", "Cement production keeps pace with growing demand", "Kenya: Employers' organizations taking the lead on linking the informal sector to formal Kenyan enterprises", "Jua Kali sector plays key role in economic development and job creation", "Peak Demands - Summary of Electricity Sub Sector Statistics", Kenya Aims to Build a Nuclear Power Plant by 2017, Kenya From Nowhere Plans East Africa's First Oil Exports: Energy, "Standard Digital News : : Business – Kenya joins mineral exporters as first titanium cargo leaves port", "Construction of Kenyan standard-gauge line suspended", NEWS: Kenya's National Climate Change Action Plan is officially launched, BBC News – Kenya oil discovery after Tullow Oil drilling, "China's scramble for Africa finds a welcome in Kenya", "The Invisible Child Worker in Kenya: The Intersection of Poverty, Legislation and Culture", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Why a new president may slow population growth, "Explosive Population Growth in Tropical Africa: Crucial Omission in Development Forecasts (Emerging Risks and Way Out)", "Myth shattered: Kibera numbers fail to add up", "World Water Day Focus on Global Sewage Flood", "Cross-linguistic influence in Kenyan English: The impact of Swahili and Kikuyu on syntax", "2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume III: Distribution of Population by Age and Sex", Address data base of Reformed churches and institutions, The World Reformed Fellowship – Promoting Reformed Partnerships Worldwide – News, "World Distribution of Quakers, 2012 - QuakerInfo.com", "Kenya: International Religious Freedom Report 2008", "AIC Mission Hospital Kapsowar Official Website", WHO Health-Related Millennium Development Goals Report 2011, CIA World Factbook: HIV/AIDS – Adult Prevalence Rate Rankings, "IFs Forecast – Version 7.00 – Google Public Data Explorer", Kenya – Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008–09, "WHO – Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices", "Women's participation in the kenyan society", "MAKING JUSTICE WORK FOR WOMEN Kenya Country Report", "Government to review Early Childhood Development policy", "Kenya National Adult Literacy Survey report", "Varsity expansion blamed for half-baked graduates", On the Beat – Tapping the Potential of Kenya's Music Industry, "Furious Kenyans threaten to defect over taxes", "Kenya women's volleyball caps three decades of excellence | Kenya Page Blog", "Volleyball: Champions Kenya Scoop Major Continental Awards |", "Kenya beat Fiji to win their first Sevens World Series title", "HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series: Kenya shock Fiji and win maiden title in Singapore", FIA RALLY: Delecour takes points finish on Safari Rally debut, "Fast food finds fans in sub-Sahara Africa, where obesity problem is growing", US fast food chain to open first Kenya outlet in August – Money Markets, "Sonford Fish And Chips – Sonford Fish And Chips in Kenya Info Provided by Postel Yellowpages", Entrepreneur grows her hobby into a successful cheese making business, Official website of the Parliament of Kenya, World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Kenya, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, List of countries by English-speaking population, List of countries where English is an official language, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenya&oldid=998727681, English-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, States and territories established in 1963, Swahili-speaking countries and territories, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles containing Swahili (macrolanguage)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2011, Articles needing additional references from December 2020, All articles needing additional references, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD-Kenya), Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD-Asili), Party of independent Candidates of Kenya (PICK), $41.84 billion (2012) at Market Price. Kivoi told him "Kĩ-Nyaa" or "Kĩĩma- Kĩĩnyaa", probably because the pattern of black rock and white snow on its peaks reminded him of the feathers of the male ostrich. Note: External links will open in a new browser window. The capture of Dedan Kimathi on 21 October 1956 in Nyeri signified the ultimate defeat of the Mau Mau and essentially ended the military offensive. The economy has seen much expansion, seen by strong performance in tourism, higher education, and telecommunications, and decent post-drought results in agriculture, especially the vital tea sector. [219], Kenya has been a dominant force in women's volleyball within Africa, with both the clubs and the national team winning various continental championships in the past decade. [146] The Kenya Tourism Board is responsible for maintaining information pertaining to tourism in Kenya. [90], In mid-2011, two consecutive missed rainy seasons precipitated the worst drought in East Africa seen in 60 years. Kenya's climate varies from tropical along the coast to temperate inland to arid in the north and northeast parts of the country.
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