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However, managing the territories across the Sahara proved too difficult. In 1943, the Istiqlal Party (Independence Party) was founded to press for independence, with discreet US support. In Turkish, Morocco is known as Fas, a name derived from its ancient capital of Fes. Morocco's capital city is Rabat; its largest city is its main port, Casablanca. Far from being isolated from other historical artistic currents around them, the Berbers of Morocco (and across North Africa) adapted the forms and ideas of Islamic architecture to their own conditions and in turn contributed to the formation of Western Islamic art, particularly during their political domination of the region over the centuries of Almoravid, Almohad, and Marinid rule.[169][170]. The authorities continue to prosecute both printed and online media which criticizes the government or the king (or the royal family). Algeria borders Morocco to the east and southeast, though the border between the two countries has been closed since 1994. Skeletal similarities have been suggested between the human remains found at Iberomaurusian "Mechta-Afalou" burial sites and European Cro-Magnon remains. Internal security is generally effective, and acts of political violence are rare (with one exception, the 2003 Casablanca bombings which killed 45 people[79]). According to research published, in 2005 only 16% of citizens in Morocco had health insurance or coverage. In general, apart from the southeast regions (pre-Saharan and desert areas), Morocco's climate and geography are very similar to the Iberian peninsula. Morocco claims ownership of the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara (formerly known as Spanish Sahara), which it has designated its Southern Provinces. The country's diverse geography and long history, marked by successive waves of settlers through both migration and military conquest, are all reflected in its architecture. Morocco deported hundreds of the illegal migrants. Casablanca - Mehdi Laraki a été réélu président du Réseau Entreprendre Maroc pour un deuxième mandat à l'issue de l’Assemblée Générale Ordinaire de cette organisation œuvrant pour l’utilité publique. [30] Mogador was established as a Phoenician colony as early as the 6th century BC. It is served not only at mealtimes but all through the day, and it is especially a drink of hospitality, commonly served whenever there are guests. Saïd Aouita won the 5000 metres at the same games. He presides over the Council of Ministers; appoints the Prime Minister from the political party that has won the most seats in the parliamentary elections, and on recommendations from the latter, appoints the members of the government. The constitution grants the king honorific powers (among other powers); he is both the secular political leader and the "Commander of the Faithful" as a direct descendant of the Prophet Mohammed. [135] Morocco's once prominent Jewish minority has decreased significantly since its peak of 265,000 in 1948, declining to around 2,500 today. [citation needed], The religious affiliation in the country was estimated by the Pew Forum in 2010 as 99% Muslim, with all remaining groups accounting for less than 1% of the population. [72], Morocco was an authoritarian regime according to the Democracy Index of 2014. and two other cities,[clarification needed] to public municipal utilities in 13 other cities, as well as a national electricity and water company (ONEE). [25] That name is still used today in some languages, including Persian, Urdu, and Punjabi. [199] Moroccan youths experience a lower self-harm rate than the global index by an average of 4 encounters per year.[199]. In 2001, the first International Film Festival of Marrakech (FIFM) was also held in Marrakech. [192] The first reform was a mandatory health insurance plan for public and private sector employees to expand coverage from 16 percent of the population to 30 percent. Par. The word "Morocco" is ultimately derived from the name of the city of Marrakesh, which was its capital under the Almoravid dynasty and the Almohad Caliphate. ", "Morocco: From Emigration Country to Africa's Migration Passage to Europe", "Survey Shows Faith in Decline in Morocco, in the Arab World", "Refworld – Morocco: General situation of Muslims who converted to Christianity, and specifically those who converted to Catholicism; their treatment by Islamists and the authorities, including state protection (2008–2011)", "International Religious Freedom Report for 2011 – Morocco", "Christian Converts in Morocco Fear Fatwa Calling for Their Execution", "Christians want marriages recognized in Morocco", "Pope Francis' Visit to Morocco Raises Hopes for Its Christians", Site institutionnel du Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc, "Enseñanza y uso de la lengua española en el Sáhara Occidental", http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Embajadas/RABAT/es/Noticias/Documents/LENGESPMARR.pdf, "Desert Blooms: The Contemporary Architecture of Morocco - Architizer Journal", "Modern Morocco: Building a New Vernacular", "Morocco to stage the 2015 African Nations Cup – ESPN Soccernet", "Africa Cup of Nations: Morocco will not host finals over Ebola fears", Baisse du taux d'analphabétisme au Maroc à 28%, "2006 UNESCO Literacy Prize winners announced", "CCIS Ifrane Morocco Summer Study Abroad Program", Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, "Health financing and insurance reform in Morocco", "Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)", "Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births)", "WHO | Morocco takes a stride forward for mothers and children", "Current health expenditure (% of GDP) | Data", "Current health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $) | Data", "Morocco | The Global Youth Wellbeing Index", Official website of the government of Morocco, Official bulletins of the government of Morocco, Official website of the Moroccan National Tourist Office, World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Morocco, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Union of Arab National Olympic Committees, Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN-SAD), Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morocco&oldid=1016013008, States and territories established in 1956, Arabic-speaking countries and territories, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2013, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Standard Moroccan Tamazight-language text, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2013, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 4 April 2021, at 22:32. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. Il est Président du Directoire de Maroc Telecom depuis février 2001 et a été membre du Directoire de Vivendi d'avril 2005 à juin 2012. [88], During the early 1960s to the late 1980s, under the leadership of Hassan II, Morocco had one of the worst human rights record in both Africa and the world. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use. [58] Morocco claims that the Western Sahara is part of its territory and refers to that as its Southern Provinces. It is served to guests, and it is impolite to refuse it. The Almohad Caliph Abu Yakub had a great love for collecting books. Le 28 juin 1973, à l'âge de 9 ans, il obtient le certificat détudes primaires et poursuit ses études secondaires au Collège royal où il obtient son baccalauréat marocain en 1981. This population is mostly elderly, with a decreasing number of young people. Morocco was the first country in the world to recognise US sovereignty (in 1777). Je pense qu’ils peuvent prendre une initiative qui va clore ce dossier », a conclu le président algérien. Governor general Marshall Hubert Lyautey sincerely admired Moroccan culture and succeeded in imposing a joint Moroccan-French administration, while creating a modern school system. Following the March 1998 elections, a coalition government headed by opposition socialist leader Abderrahmane Youssoufi and composed largely of ministers drawn from opposition parties, was formed. This architectural heritage ranges from ancient Roman and Berber (Amazigh) sites to 20th-century colonial and modern architecture. Morocco is a developing country that has made many strides to improve these categories. Morocco's relationships vary greatly between African, Arab, and Western states. The country's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean eventually attracted the interest of European powers: In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier. To examine the abuses committed during the reign of King Hassan II (1961–1999), the government has set up an Equity and Reconciliation Commission (IER). [26] A recent publication has suggested that there is evidence for even earlier human habitation of the area: Homo sapiens fossils that had been discovered in the late 2000s near the Atlantic coast in Jebel Irhoud were recently dated to roughly 315,000 years ago. 1 seul chef du gouvernement a eu trois mandats : Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l'article intitulé «. [178] Six years later, Mohammed Ousfour would create the first Moroccan movie, Le fils maudit ("The Damned Son"). Despite the reforms made by Mohammed VI, demonstrators continued to call for deeper reforms. With the 2011 constitutional reforms, the King of Morocco retains less executive powers whereas those of the prime minister have been enlarged.[77][78]. Prior to independence, Morocco was home to half a million Europeans; who were mostly Christians. Morocco also produces a significant amount of illicit hashish, much of which is shipped to Western Europe. ^Official religion. Sous Mohammed V, la fonction de Premier ministre est occupée par un chef de cabinet, véritable chef du gouvernement qui disposait du pouvoir exécutif. As a result, by the late 3rd century, direct Roman rule had become confined to a few coastal cities, such as Septum (Ceuta) in Mauretania Tingitana and Cherchell in Mauretania Caesariensis. Also, the region extends from the Mediterranean in the south, home of the Wergha River, to the north. After the outbreak of the Berber Revolt in 739, the Berbers formed other independent states such as the Miknasa of Sijilmasa and the Barghawata. Popular Western forms of music are becoming increasingly popular in Morocco, such as fusion, rock, country, metal and, in particular, hip hop. [149][150] The country's distinctive group of Moroccan Arabic dialects is referred to as Darija. The Spanish government has stated that it is holding discussions with the Moroccan government about repatriating the migrant workers via a "humanitarian corridor," but it's unclear how long the process will take.[99]. The earliest known independent Moroccan state was the Berber kingdom of Mauretania, under King Baga. Pork consumption is forbidden in accordance with Sharia, religious laws of Islam. En décembre 2015, il intègre le Crédit du Maroc où il est nommé Directeur général adjoint, membre du Comité de direction générale en charge du marketing, des marchés, de la gestion de la relation à distance et de la bancassurance ainsi que la supervision de la filiale Crédit du Maroc Assurances. The most common is whole grain coarse ground or white flour bread. In the Rif, Middle and High Atlas Mountains, there exist several different types of climates: Mediterranean along the coastal lowlands, giving way to a humid temperate climate at higher elevations with sufficient moisture to allow for the growth of different species of oaks, moss carpets, junipers, and Atlantic fir which is a royal conifer tree endemic to Morocco. Moroccan cuisine is considered as one of the most diversified cuisines in the world. Other important Moroccan authors include, Abdellatif Laabi, Abdelkrim Ghallab, Fouad Laroui, Mohammed Berrada and Leila Abouzeid. The Spanish enclave of Ifni in the south was returned to Morocco in 1969. The government of Morocco sets up surveillance systems within the already existing healthcare system to monitor and collect data. While focusing on linking the southern provinces, notably the cities of Laayoune and Dakhla to the rest of Morocco. There are also a number of flat breads and pulled unleavened pan-fried breads. Infant mortality has improved significantly since 1960 when there were 144 deaths per 1,000 live births, in 2000, 42 per 1,000 live births, and now it is 20 per 1,000 live births. [121] In addition to that, Morocco is a transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe.[122]. Mass education in hygiene is implemented in primary education schools which are free for residents of Morocco. Moroccan agricultural production also consists of orange, tomatoes, potatoes, olives, and olive oil. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith in the 11th and 12th centuries under the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties, when it encompassed parts of Iberia as well as part of northwestern Africa. Bakeries are very common throughout Morocco and fresh bread is a staple in every city, town and village. Government reforms and steady yearly growth in the region of 4–5% from 2000 to 2007, including 4.9% year-on-year growth in 2003–2007 helped the Moroccan economy to become much more robust compared to a few years earlier. Morocco has more than four dozen universities, institutes of higher learning, and polytechnics dispersed at urban centres throughout the country. However, in other parts of the Islamic world, for example in Egyptian and Middle Eastern Arabic literature before the mid-20th century, the name commonly used to refer to Morocco was Marrakesh (مراكش). Morocco is a member of the United Nations and belongs to the African Union (AU), Arab League, Arab Maghreb Union (UMA), Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the Non-Aligned Movement and the Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN_SAD). [2] The last Barbary lion in the wild was shot in the Atlas Mountains in 1922. Since the first technopark was established in Rabat in 2005, a second has been set up in Casablanca, followed, in 2015, by a third in Tangers. Kickboxing is also popular in Morocco. Three generations of writers especially shaped 20th century Moroccan literature. [136], Morocco has a large diaspora, most of which is located in France, which has reportedly over one million Moroccans of up to the third generation. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. From the 11th century onwards, a series of Berber dynasties arose. Since Morocco controls most of Western Sahara, its de facto southern boundary is with Mauritania. This is a result of the centuries-long interaction of Morocco with the outside world. [27] During the Upper Paleolithic, the Maghreb was more fertile than it is today, resembling a savanna, in contrast to its modern arid landscape. After the death of al-Mansur, the country was divided among his sons. Moulay El Hassan du Maroc sur Paris Match ! [91] There are also persistent allegations of violence against both Sahrawi pro-independence and pro-Polisario demonstrators[92] in Western Sahara; a disputed territory which is occupied by and considered by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. The Baháʼí Faith community, located in urban areas, numbers 350 to 400 persons. Mohammed VI paid a controversial visit to the Western Sahara in 2002. During the so-called "crisis of the 3rd century," parts of Mauretania were reconquered by Berber tribes. In the rainy sections of the northwest, barley, wheat, and other cereals can be raised without irrigation. [195] The Moroccan Plan was started by the Moroccan Minister of Health, Dr. El Houssaine Louardi, and Dr. Ala Alwan, WHO Regional Director for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, on 13 November 2013 in Rabat. Vaccin d’AstraZeneca : les avantages l’emportent largement sur les… 6 Avr 2021 22:39 In addition, there are dried salted meats and salted preserved meats such as kliia/khlia[181] and "g'did" which are used to flavor tagines or used in "el ghraif" a folded savory Moroccan pancake. Victorious Spain won a further enclave and an enlarged Ceuta in the settlement. At higher elevations, the climate becomes alpine in character, and can sustain ski resorts. Fighting between the Moroccan military and Polisario forces continued for many years. Front pour la défense des institutions constitutionnelles, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chef_du_gouvernement_du_Maroc&oldid=181401233, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. [85] The Security Council has called upon the parties to enter into direct and unconditional negotiations to reach a mutually accepted political solution. Le président du Conseil mondial de l'eau s'est félicité, mercredi à Rabat, des acquis et des réalisations accomplies par le Maroc depuis des décennies dans le domaine de la mobilisation, de la préservation et de la valorisation des ressources hydriques. The proposal was encouraged by Moroccan allies such as the United States, France and Spain. The al-Qarawiyin University, founded by Fatima al-Fihri in the city of Fez in 859 as a madrasa,[189] is considered by some sources, including UNESCO, to be the "oldest university of the world". The constitution of 1996 theoretically allowed the king to terminate the tenure of any minister, and after consultation with the heads of the higher and lower Assemblies, to dissolve the Parliament, suspend the constitution, call for new elections, or rule by decree.

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