nginx sticky session

In NGINX Plus, slow‑start allows an upstream server to gradually recover its weight from 0 to its nominal value after it has been recovered or became available. These are instructions for setting up session affinity with Nginx web server and Plone CMS. Learn to use Nginx 1.9. NGINX and NGINX Plus can be used in different deployment scenarios as a very efficient HTTP load balancer. - README.md Using Sticky route for session affinity in nginx proxing requests to Jira, does not work. In addition to the hash‑based session persistence supported by NGINX Open Source (the Hash and IP Hash load‑balancing methods), NGINX Plus supports cookie‑based session persistence, including sticky cookie. Session stickiness, a.k.a., session persistence, is a process in which a load balancer creates an affinity between a client and a specific network server for the duration of a session, (i.e., the time a specific IP spends on a website). Nginx以前对session 保持支持不太好，主要采用ip_hash把同一来源的客户(同一C段的IP)固定指向后端的同一台机器，ip_hash有个缺点是不能实现很好的负载均衡；直到nginx的扩展模块nginx-sticky-module的出现，解决了session sticky的问题。基本的原理： 首先根据轮询RR随机到某台后端，然后在响应的Set-Cookie上加上route Nginx can be used as a load balancer at the front of several Plone front-end processes (ZEO processes). When the worker process that is selected to process a request fails to transmit the request to a server, other worker processes don’t know anything about it. Sticky-sessions module is balancing requests using their IP address. Then NGINX Plus “learns” which upstream server corresponds to which session identifier. All requests are proxied to the server group myapp1, and nginx applies HTTP load balancing to distribute the requests. For servers in an upstream group that are identified with a domain name in the server directive, NGINX Plus can monitor changes to the list of IP addresses in the corresponding DNS record, and automatically apply the changes to load balancing for the upstream group, without requiring a restart. For example, the key may be a paired source IP address and port, or a URI as in this example: The optional consistent parameter to the hash directive enables ketama consistent‑hash load balancing. Example. Site functionality and performance. If a domain name resolves to several IP addresses, the addresses are saved to the upstream configuration and load balanced. sticky¶. Similarly, the Least Connections load‑balancing method might not work as expected without the zone directive, at least under low load. Session persistence means that NGINX Plus identifies user sessions and routes all requests in a given session to the same upstream server. The resolver directive defines the IP address of the DNS server to which NGINX Plus sends requests (here, 10.0.0.1). To set up load balancing of Microsoft Exchange servers: In a location block, configure proxying to the upstream group of Microsoft Exchange servers with the proxy_pass directive: In order for Microsoft Exchange connections to pass to the upstream servers, in the location block set the proxy_http_version directive value to 1.1, and the proxy_set_header directive to Connection "", just like for a keepalive connection: In the http block, configure a upstream group of Microsoft Exchange servers with an upstream block named the same as the upstream group specified with the proxy_pass directive in Step 1. Sticky Sessions. With NGINX Plus, it is possible to limit the number of connections to an upstream server by specifying the maximum number with the max_conns parameter. If that heart beat fails, the other candidatesagain race to become the new leader. When managing a few backend servers, it’s occasionally helpful that one customer (program) is constantly served by the same backend server (for session persistance for instance). However, other features of upstream groups can benefit from the use of this directive as well. 解凍したら「nginx-goodies-nginx-sticky-module-ng-c78b7dd79d0d」というディレクトリになっていた。 あとで見直してもわかるように、ディレクトリ名を変更. To start using NGINX Plus or NGINX Open Source to load balance HTTP traffic to a group of servers, first you need to define the group with the upstream directive. By using “nginx_cookie_flag_module” Module. If you have site functionality which stores user specific data on the front end session data, let's say an … For example, the following configuration defines a group named backend and consists of three server configurations (which may resolve in more than three actual servers): To pass requests to a server group, the name of the group is specified in the proxy_pass directive (or the fastcgi_pass, memcached_pass, scgi_pass, or uwsgi_pass directives for those protocols.) If an upstream server is added to or removed from an upstream group, only a few keys are remapped which minimizes cache misses in the case of load‑balancing cache servers or other applications that accumulate state. This means that you can face the situation that you've configured session affinity on one Ingress and it doesn't work because the Service is pointing to another Ingress that doesn't configure this. * to load balance TCP traffic. The sticky module supports only one domain, specified in the configuration and only checks for the cookie in the code logic to read / update cookie data. networks, and advertising cookies (of third parties) to For environments where the load balancer has a full view of all requests, use other load balancing methods, such as round robin, least connections and least time. Servers in the group are configured using the server directive (not to be confused with the server block that defines a virtual server running on NGINX). The counters include the current number of connections to each server in the group and the number of failed attempts to pass a request to a server. This is the simplest session persistence method. While some worker process can consider a server unavailable, others might still send requests to this server. See HTTP Health Checks for instructions how to configure health checks for HTTP. The zone directive is mandatory for active health checks and dynamic reconfiguration of the upstream group. Nginx sticky session . The mandatory lookup parameter specifies how to search for existing sessions. Using sticky sessions can help improve user experience and optimize network resource usage. If one of the servers needs to be temporarily removed from the load‑balancing rotation, it can be marked with the down parameter in order to preserve the current hashing of client IP addresses. Fix sticky session not set for host in server-alias annotation aca mentioned this issue Dec 19, 2020 Affinity cookie not configured for server aliases #5297 A important thing about services are what their type is, it determines how the service expose itself to the cluster or the internet. By default, NGINX Plus re‑resolves DNS records at the frequency specified by time‑to‑live (TTL) in the record, but you can override the TTL value with the valid parameter; in the example it is 300 seconds, or 5 minutes. The current version of Cloud Container Engine - CCE (CCEv2 with kubernetes 1.11) supports external access to kubernetes applications via Elastic Load Balancer - ELB which has an assigned Elastic IP - EIP. On the other hand, the zone directive guarantees the expected behavior. Note that if there is only a single server in a group, the max_fails, fail_timeout, and slow_start parameters to the server directive are ignored and the server is never considered unavailable. The method guarantees that requests from the same address get to the same server unless it is not available. This does not require the cookie to be updated because the key's consistent hash will change. All subsequent requests... Sticky … However, now Nginx can work with the lower-level TCP (HTTP works over TCP). nginx session Sticky More than 5 years have passed since last update. This method passes a request to the server with the smallest number of active connections. In NGINX Plus R7 and later, NGINX Plus can proxy Microsoft Exchange traffic to a server or a group of servers and load balance it. 3. For a server to be definitively considered unavailable, the number of failed attempts during the timeframe set by the fail_timeout parameter must equal max_fails multiplied by the number of worker processes. All subsequent requests are compared to the route parameter of the server directive to identify the server to which the request is proxied. In this case, we'll setup SSL Passthrough to pass SSL traffic received at the load balancer onto the web servers.Nginx 1.9.3+ comes with TCP load balancing. Sticky is a nginx module that is a nginx load-balancing solution based on cookies, by distributing and identifying cookies so that the same client's request falls on the same server with the default identification name route NGINX site functionality and are therefore always enabled. If the user changes this cookie, NGINX creates a new one and redirects the user to another upstream. For example, if the configuration of a group is not shared, each worker process maintains its own counter for failed attempts to pass a request to a server (set by the max_fails parameter). Sticky cookie – NGINX Plus adds a session cookie to the first response from the upstream group and identifies the server that sent the response. The actual connection is not handled by the sticky module. Cookies that help connect to social Dilip Kumar Mavireddi Sep 27, 2017 . Sticky learn method – NGINX Plus first finds session identifiers by inspecting requests and responses. Using Node.JS Cluster. They The affinity mode defines how sticky a session is. In our example, the servers are load balanced according to the Least Connections load‑balancing method. In the example, new sessions are created from the cookie EXAMPLECOOKIE sent by the upstream server. In this case, either the first three octets of the IPv4 address or the whole IPv6 address are used to calculate the hash value. sticky-session requires node to be at least 0.12.0 because it relies on net.createServer's pauseOnConnect flag. Reverse proxy implementation in nginx includes load balancing for HTTP, HTTPS, FastCGI, uwsgi, SCGI, memcached, and gRPC. Compile The Nginx Sticky Session Module in CentOS. You may be noticed commented sticky; directive in nginx upstream configuration.. When SignalR is running on a server farm (multiple servers), "sticky sessions" must be used. IP hashing uses the visitors IP address as a key to determine which host … The optional domain parameter defines the domain for which the cookie is set, and the optional path parameter defines the path for which the cookie is set. By default, NGINX distributes requests among the servers in the group according to their weights using the Round Robin method. The methods are set with the sticky directive. Just like NginX, Node.JS comes with built-in clustering support through the cluster module.. Fedor Indutny has created a module called sticky session that ensures file descriptors (ie: connections) are routed based on the originating remoteAddress (ie: IP). | Privacy Policy, # no load balancing method is specified for Round Robin, Configuring Dynamic Load Balancing with the NGINX Plus API, NGINX Microservices Reference Architecture, Welcome to the NGINX and NGINX Plus Documentation, Installing NGINX Plus on the Google Cloud Platform, Creating NGINX Plus and NGINX Configuration Files, Dynamic Configuration of Upstreams with the NGINX Plus API, Configuring NGINX and NGINX Plus as a Web Server, Using NGINX and NGINX Plus as an Application Gateway with uWSGI and Django, Restricting Access with HTTP Basic Authentication, Authentication Based on Subrequest Result, Limiting Access to Proxied HTTP Resources, Restricting Access to Proxied TCP Resources, Restricting Access by Geographical Location, Securing HTTP Traffic to Upstream Servers, Monitoring NGINX and NGINX Plus with the New Relic Plug-In, High Availability Support for NGINX Plus in On-Premises Deployments, Configuring Active-Active High Availability and Additional Passive Nodes with keepalived, Synchronizing NGINX Configuration in a Cluster, How NGINX Plus Performs Zone Synchronization, Active-Active High Availability with Network Load Balancer, Active-Passive High Availability with Elastic IP Addresses, Global Server Load Balancing with Amazon Route 53, Ingress Controller for Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Services, Active-Active High Availability with Standard Load Balancer, Creating Azure Virtual Machines for NGINX, Migrating Configuration from Hardware ADCs, Enabling Single Sign-On for Proxied Applications, Using NGINX App Protect with NGINX Controller, Installation with the NGINX Ingress Operator, VirtualServer and VirtualServerRoute Resources, Install NGINX Ingress Controller with App Protect, Troubleshoot the Ingress Controller with App Protect Integration, Proxying HTTP Traffic to a Group of Servers, Sharing Data with Multiple Worker Processes, Configuring HTTP Load Balancing Using DNS, Load Balancing of Microsoft Exchange Servers, Dynamic Configuration Using the NGINX Plus API, Dynamic Configuration Using the NGINX Plus API, NGINX Plus for Load Balancing and Scaling, Load Balancing Microsoft Exchange Servers with NGINX Plus, 128 servers (each defined as an IP‑address:port pair), 88 servers (each defined as hostname:port pair where the hostname resolves to a single IP address), 12 servers (each defined as hostname:port pair where the hostname resolves to multiple IP addresses). When you have a Service pointing to more than one Ingress, with only one containing affinity configuration, the first created Ingress will be used. provide Implementing a leader electionalgorithm usually requires either deploying software such as Zoo… With NGINX Plus, the configuration of an upstream server group can be modified dynamically using the NGINX Plus API. Enabling Session Persistence Sticky cookie – NGINX Plus adds a session cookie to the first response from the upstream group and identifies the server... Sticky route – NGINX Plus assigns a “route” to the client when it receives the first request. This is a more sophisticated session persistence method than the previous two as it does not require keeping any cookies on the client side: all info is kept server‑side in the shared memory zone. SignalR requires that all HTTP requests for a specific connection be handled by the same server process. Choose Save. Use, nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-name, nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-path, Path that will be set on the cookie (required if your, nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-samesite, SameSite attribute to apply to the cookie, nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-conditional-samesite-none, nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-max-age, Time until the cookie expires, corresponds to the, nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-expires, Legacy version of the previous annotation for compatibility with older browsers, generates an, nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-change-on-failure. In our example, existing sessions are searched in the cookie EXAMPLECOOKIE sent by the client. sticky sessions. NGINX Plus Ingress Controller with custom annotations for sticky learn session persistence with sessions sharing among multiple IC replicas. help better tailor NGINX advertising to your interests. Use balanced to redistribute some sessions when scaling pods or persistent for maximum stickiness. The mandatory zone parameter specifies a shared memory zone where all information about sticky sessions is kept. The server slow‑start feature prevents a recently recovered server from being overwhelmed by connections, which may time out and cause the server to be marked as failed again. NGINX Plus supports three session persistence methods. 2. "Sticky sessions" are also called session affinity by some load balancers. A example would be to deploy Hasicorp’s vault and expose it only internally. Load balancing across multiple application instances is a commonly used technique for optimizing resource utilization, maximizing throughput, reducing latency, and ensuring fault‑tolerant configurations. For more information and instructions, see Configuring Dynamic Load Balancing with the NGINX Plus API. The weight parameter to the server directive sets the weight of a server; the default is 1: In the example, backend1.example.com has weight 5; the other two servers have the default weight (1), but the one with IP address 192.0.0.1 is marked as a backup server and does not receive requests unless both of the other servers are unavailable. NGINX can continually test your HTTP upstream servers, avoid the servers that have failed, and gracefully add the recovered servers into the load‑balanced group. If the max_conns limit has been reached, the request is placed in a queue for further processing, provided that the queue directive is also included to set the maximum number of requests that can be simultaneously in the queue: If the queue is filled up with requests or the upstream server cannot be selected during the timeout specified by the optional timeout parameter, the client receives an error. When the backend server is removed, the requests are re-routed to another upstream server. ClusterIP Your service is only expose internally to the cluster on the internal cluster IP. With this configuration of weights, out of every 6 requests, 5 are sent to backend1.example.com and 1 to backend2.example.com. Nginx ingress controller. ngx_http_upstream_session_sticky_moduleExample 1Example 2指令 Nginx是一个异步框架的Web服务器，也可以用作反向代理，负载平衡器 和 HTTP缓存。该软件由Igor Sysoev 创建，并于2004年首次公开发布。 同名公司成立于2011年，以提供支持。 Nginx是一款免费的开源软件，根据类BSD许可证的条款发布。 Copyright © F5, Inc. All rights reserved. NGINX Plus provides more sophisticated session persistence methods than NGINX Open Source, implemented in three variants of the sticky directive. An Nginx module called nginx_cookie_flag by Anton Saraykin let you quickly set cookie flag as HTTPOnly and Secure in Set-Cookie HTTP response header. As an example, with the sticky_route session persistence method and a single health check enabled, a 256‑KB zone can accommodate information about the indicated number of upstream servers: The configuration of a server group can be modified at runtime using DNS. Session affinity can be configured using the following annotations: You can create the example Ingress to test this: In the example above, you can see that the response contains a Set-Cookie header with the settings we have defined. This scenario is dynamically configurable, because the worker processes access the same copy of the group configuration and utilize the same related counters. nginx.com uses cookies to If the two parameter is specified, first, NGINX randomly selects two servers taking into account server weights, and then chooses one of these servers using the specified method: The Random load balancing method should be used for distributed environments where multiple load balancers are passing requests to the same set of backends. To review, this is the configuration we built in the previous article: In this article, we’ll look at a few simple ways to configure NGINX and NGINX Plus that improve the effectiveness of load balancing. There are two possible ways to achieve this in Nginx web server. If the configuration of the group is not shared, each worker process uses its own counter for the number of connections and might send a request to the same server that another worker process just sent a request to. functionality and performance. The group consists of three servers, two of them running instances of the same application while the third is a backup server. Nginx configured load balancing (Sticky Session) Each request is allocated according to the hash results of IP access, so that each visitor fixed access to a back-end server, can solve the problem of session; Nginx can implement sticky sessions … If a request contains a session identifier already “learned”, NGINX Plus forwards the request to the corresponding server: In the example, one of the upstream servers creates a session by setting the cookie EXAMPLECOOKIE in the response. This can be done with the slow_start parameter to the server directive: The time value (here, 30 seconds) sets the time during which NGINX Plus ramps up the number of connections to the server to the full value. The kubernetes ingress controllers, such as Nginx ingress co n troller already has these requirement considered and implemented. CCE - Kubernetes NGINX Ingress with Sticky Session. The client’s next request contains the cookie value and NGINX Plus route the request to the upstream server that responded to the first request: In the example, the srv_id parameter sets the name of the cookie. This example demonstrates how to achieve session affinity using cookies. Default backend: default-http-backend:80 (10.180.0.4:8080,10.240.0.2:8080), Host Path Backends, ---- ---- --------, FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubObjectPath Type Reason Message, --------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------, 7s 7s 1 {nginx-ingress-controller } Normal CREATE default/nginx-test, Set-Cookie: INGRESSCOOKIE=a9907b79b248140b56bb13723f72b67697baac3d; Expires=Sun, 12-Feb-17 14:11:12 GMT; Max-Age=172800; Path=/; HttpOnly, Last-Modified: Tue, 24 Jan 2017 14:02:19 GMT, Custom DH parameters for perfect forward secrecy, nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/affinity-mode, The affinity mode defines how sticky a session is. It is not possible to recommend an ideal memory‑zone size, because usage patterns vary widely. Note about node version. Sticky Session Load Balancer with Nginx. The load balancing scheduler allows users not to care about the back-end servers to the greatest extent. Requests that were to be processed by this server are automatically sent to the next server in the group: Generic Hash – The server to which a request is sent is determined from a user‑defined key which can be a text string, variable, or a combination. This can be done by including the resolver directive in the http block along with the resolve parameter to the server directive: In the example, the resolve parameter to the server directive tells NGINX Plus to periodically re‑resolve the backend1.example.com and backend2.example.com domain names into IP addresses. NodePort Expose t… Note that the max_conns limit is ignored if there are idle keepalive connections opened in other worker processes. Once a candidate has been elected theleader, it continually sends a heart beat signal to keep renewing theirposition as the leader. The route information is taken from either a cookie or the request URI. – If your Tomcat application requires basic session persistence also known as sticky sessions, you can implement it in Nginx with the IP Hash load‑balancing algorithm. The mandatory create parameter specifies a variable that indicates how a new session is created. If an upstream block does not include the zone directive, each worker process keeps its own copy of the server group configuration and maintains its own set of related counters. If there are several NGINX instances in a cluster that use the “sticky learn” method, it is possible to sync the contents of their shared memory zones on conditions that: See Runtime State Sharing in a Cluster for details. This cookie is created by NGINX, it contains a randomly generated key corresponding to the upstream used for that request (selected using consistent hashing) and has an Expires directive. A configuration command can be used to view all servers or a particular server in a group, modify parameter for a particular server, and add or remove servers. Watch the NGINX Plus for Load Balancing and Scaling webinar on demand for a deep dive on techniques that NGINX users employ to build large‑scale, highly available web services. contain no identifiable information. These cookies are required for Then specify the ntlm directive to allow the servers in the group to accept requests with NTLM authentication: Add Microsoft Exchange servers to the upstream group and optionally specify a load‑balancing method: For more information about configuring Microsoft Exchange and NGINX Plus, see the Load Balancing Microsoft Exchange Servers with NGINX Plus deployment guide.

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